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                                      <item>
                                        <title>Re: Autosomal DNA test</title>
                                        <link>https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=28244#28244</link>
                                        <description>&lt;br /&gt;
                                      Author: &lt;a href='https://forum.polishorigins.com/profile.php?mode=viewprofile&amp;u=4768'&gt;DsS&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      Posted: Wed Jul 13, 2016 2:27 am&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;table width=&quot;90%&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;3&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt; 	  &lt;td&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;genmed&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;efc3011 wrote:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;	&lt;/tr&gt;	&lt;tr&gt;	  &lt;td class=&quot;quote&quot;&gt;Hi DsS,&lt;br /&gt;
I don't know if you have investigated autosomal DNA testing, which gives you DNA cousins back through 5 or more generations. It is called Family Finder if you test with FamilytreeDNA, or you could use 23 and Me, which is also a reputable company. I have recently found relatives on my paternal grandfather's side and also relatives on my maternal grandfather's side using these tests. Actually the Family Finder test has been more fruitful than the Y-DNA test which gives direct male line matches, but not in recent history.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Elaine&lt;/td&gt;	&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;postbody&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hello Elaine....   I finally did the DNA testing also have paid for the Family Finder.  Completed it early June and expected to get results mid way August.  So so so excited, can't wait...  &lt;img src=&quot;images/smiles/icon_smile.gif&quot; alt=&quot;Smile&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;</description>
                                        <comments>https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=28244#28244</comments>
                                        <author>DsS</author>
                                        <pubDate>Wed Jul 13, 2016 2:27 am</pubDate>
                                        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=28244#28244</guid>
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                                      <item>
                                        <title>Find out that I'm Polish</title>
                                        <link>https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=28198#28198</link>
                                        <description>&lt;br /&gt;
                                      Author: &lt;a href='https://forum.polishorigins.com/profile.php?mode=viewprofile&amp;u=6055'&gt;Jessicacreative&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      Posted: Tue Jul 05, 2016 9:58 am&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      I've always known that some of my relatives are Polish at some part. I didn't consider it like a sufficient part. But some month ago I decided to have ancestry test at dna services near the house &lt;a href=&quot;https://dnasu.com/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;https://dnasu.com/&lt;/a&gt; And I found out that I'm 80% Polish. I'm very excited and eager to travel to Poland &lt;img src=&quot;images/smiles/icon_biggrin.gif&quot; alt=&quot;Very Happy&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;</description>
                                        <comments>https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=28198#28198</comments>
                                        <author>Jessicacreative</author>
                                        <pubDate>Tue Jul 05, 2016 9:58 am</pubDate>
                                        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=28198#28198</guid>
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                                        <title>Re: DNA and Nicolaus Copernicus grave</title>
                                        <link>https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=23479#23479</link>
                                        <description>&lt;br /&gt;
                                      Author: &lt;a href='https://forum.polishorigins.com/profile.php?mode=viewprofile&amp;u=4250'&gt;ctamara&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      Posted: Fri Sep 04, 2015 12:13 pm&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;table width=&quot;90%&quot; cellspacing=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;3&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;tr&gt; 	  &lt;td&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;genmed&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Shellie wrote:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;	&lt;/tr&gt;	&lt;tr&gt;	  &lt;td class=&quot;quote&quot;&gt;Aga did a wonderful job helping me understand a Polish article that I wanted to translate.  I am making a donation as a token of my gratitude.&lt;/td&gt;	&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;postbody&quot;&gt;i&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hi &lt;br /&gt;
shellie. I noticed awhile back you were interested in my Copernicus dna connection.  recently i may have possibly finally broke through but i am awaiting some confirmation.  i have parkinsons so i cannot type very well.  wish me luck.  carol</description>
                                        <comments>https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=23479#23479</comments>
                                        <author>ctamara</author>
                                        <pubDate>Fri Sep 04, 2015 12:13 pm</pubDate>
                                        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=23479#23479</guid>
                                      </item>
                                      <item>
                                        <title>Re: DNA and Nicolaus Copernicus grave</title>
                                        <link>https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=22518#22518</link>
                                        <description>&lt;br /&gt;
                                      Author: &lt;a href='https://forum.polishorigins.com/profile.php?mode=viewprofile&amp;u=1023'&gt;efc3011&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      Posted: Fri Jul 17, 2015 4:31 pm&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      Family Finder at FamilytreeDNA is $99. 23 and Me is also $99. Same price as AncestryDNA , I believe.</description>
                                        <comments>https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=22518#22518</comments>
                                        <author>efc3011</author>
                                        <pubDate>Fri Jul 17, 2015 4:31 pm</pubDate>
                                        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=22518#22518</guid>
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                                      <item>
                                        <title>Re: DNA and Nicolaus Copernicus grave</title>
                                        <link>https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=22517#22517</link>
                                        <description>&lt;br /&gt;
                                      Author: &lt;a href='https://forum.polishorigins.com/profile.php?mode=viewprofile&amp;u=3239'&gt;starkey76&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      Posted: Fri Jul 17, 2015 4:04 pm&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      Yeah, I was kind of bummed to read that Ancestry's test isn't that good unless you're delving into colonial ties, and Canada is the &amp;quot;abroad&amp;quot;.  Then you have to upload to GEDmatch. Maybe down the road I'll spend on the more expensive tests.&lt;br /&gt;
John</description>
                                        <comments>https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=22517#22517</comments>
                                        <author>starkey76</author>
                                        <pubDate>Fri Jul 17, 2015 4:04 pm</pubDate>
                                        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=22517#22517</guid>
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                                        <title>Re: DNA and Nicolaus Copernicus grave</title>
                                        <link>https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=22516#22516</link>
                                        <description>&lt;br /&gt;
                                      Author: &lt;a href='https://forum.polishorigins.com/profile.php?mode=viewprofile&amp;u=1023'&gt;efc3011&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      Posted: Fri Jul 17, 2015 3:59 pm&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      Yes, GEDmatch is a great free site for comparing results from Familytree DNA, 23 and Me, and AncestryDNA. But it is limited by the fact that people need to upload their own raw data to the site, and if they don't do that, comparisons are, of course,  not possible.</description>
                                        <comments>https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=22516#22516</comments>
                                        <author>efc3011</author>
                                        <pubDate>Fri Jul 17, 2015 3:59 pm</pubDate>
                                        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=22516#22516</guid>
                                      </item>
                                      <item>
                                        <title>Re: DNA and Nicolaus Copernicus grave</title>
                                        <link>https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=22513#22513</link>
                                        <description>&lt;br /&gt;
                                      Author: &lt;a href='https://forum.polishorigins.com/profile.php?mode=viewprofile&amp;u=3239'&gt;starkey76&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      Posted: Fri Jul 17, 2015 2:40 pm&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      Not sure if anyone else uses this site:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://v2.gedmatch.com/login1.php&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://v2.gedmatch.com/login1.php&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Once you get DNA results from Ancestry or someone else, you can upload them to GED match, and it will help you find relatives.  Or overload you with data.....did find some of the Jablonowski's that were cousins, the same that were on my G Grandfathers voyage. &lt;br /&gt;
John</description>
                                        <comments>https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=22513#22513</comments>
                                        <author>starkey76</author>
                                        <pubDate>Fri Jul 17, 2015 2:40 pm</pubDate>
                                        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=22513#22513</guid>
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                                        <title>Autosomal DNA test</title>
                                        <link>https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=22511#22511</link>
                                        <description>&lt;br /&gt;
                                      Author: &lt;a href='https://forum.polishorigins.com/profile.php?mode=viewprofile&amp;u=1023'&gt;efc3011&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      Posted: Fri Jul 17, 2015 9:14 am&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      Hi DsS,&lt;br /&gt;
I don't know if you have investigated autosomal DNA testing, which gives you DNA cousins back through 5 or more generations. It is called Family Finder if you test with FamilytreeDNA, or you could use 23 and Me, which is also a reputable company. I have recently found relatives on my paternal grandfather's side and also relatives on my maternal grandfather's side using these tests. Actually the Family Finder test has been more fruitful than the Y-DNA test which gives direct male line matches, but not in recent history.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Elaine</description>
                                        <comments>https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=22511#22511</comments>
                                        <author>efc3011</author>
                                        <pubDate>Fri Jul 17, 2015 9:14 am</pubDate>
                                        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=22511#22511</guid>
                                      </item>
                                      <item>
                                        <title>Re: DNA and Nicolaus Copernicus grave</title>
                                        <link>https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=22507#22507</link>
                                        <description>&lt;br /&gt;
                                      Author: &lt;a href='https://forum.polishorigins.com/profile.php?mode=viewprofile&amp;u=4768'&gt;DsS&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      Posted: Fri Jul 17, 2015 2:45 am&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      Absolutely intrigued with the Copernicus reconstruction and the DNA tracing ... Amazing!</description>
                                        <comments>https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=22507#22507</comments>
                                        <author>DsS</author>
                                        <pubDate>Fri Jul 17, 2015 2:45 am</pubDate>
                                        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=22507#22507</guid>
                                      </item>
                                      <item>
                                        <title>Re: DNA and Nicolaus Copernicus grave</title>
                                        <link>https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=22506#22506</link>
                                        <description>&lt;br /&gt;
                                      Author: &lt;a href='https://forum.polishorigins.com/profile.php?mode=viewprofile&amp;u=4768'&gt;DsS&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      Posted: Fri Jul 17, 2015 2:31 am&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      Hello....  I am interested to know how does one get on when there are no direct relative on the Male side to have a Y-DNA TEST done??&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 My problem is, the only folk in my mothers side of the family, alive today is myself, sister, and 1st cousins 1 younger male and 2 younger females.  And there children all up 5 in total and 2 grandchildren of mine.   &lt;br /&gt;
My/our Grandfather was the only son and he only had 2 daughters. It is his Grandmothers line and her husbands line who I am trying to trace.   They came from Moravia/Austria and from  'somewhere in Lithuania so far as I know' to NZ in 1874.   &lt;br /&gt;
The Boyer from somewhere in Lithuania is proving very difficult.... and another Boyer from this site had mentioned I would need to do DNA testing...  (?)   &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There are so many variants to all these DNA Tests I am unable to get my head round it all ...lol...   Will I not ever be able to succeed with the Male DNA testing?  As I see it, I/we would definitely need a Male with a direct lineage to our original GGG Grandparents for the father to son lineage....&lt;br /&gt;
I will be so disappointed to not be able to trace this line ever....  hohummm  BUT I need to be put out of my misery on this issue.  'Please'</description>
                                        <comments>https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=22506#22506</comments>
                                        <author>DsS</author>
                                        <pubDate>Fri Jul 17, 2015 2:31 am</pubDate>
                                        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=22506#22506</guid>
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                                      <item>
                                        <title>DNA testing</title>
                                        <link>https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=9090#9090</link>
                                        <description>&lt;br /&gt;
                                      Author: &lt;a href='https://forum.polishorigins.com/profile.php?mode=viewprofile&amp;u=1023'&gt;efc3011&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      Posted: Sat Feb 23, 2013 1:35 pm&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      For those of you who might want to &amp;quot;test the waters&amp;quot; with DNA testing, I thought I'd mention that Family Tree DNA is offering a great price for the basic 12 marker Y-DNA test. It is temporarily reduced to $39. I have paid $99 for this test! The Y-DNA test is for males only, and traces the male line directly from father to son down through the ages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.familytreedna.com/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://www.familytreedna.com/&lt;/a&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Elaine</description>
                                        <comments>https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=9090#9090</comments>
                                        <author>efc3011</author>
                                        <pubDate>Sat Feb 23, 2013 1:35 pm</pubDate>
                                        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=9090#9090</guid>
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                                        <title>Re: DNA and Nicolaus Copernicus grave</title>
                                        <link>https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=8735#8735</link>
                                        <description>&lt;br /&gt;
                                      Author: &lt;a href='https://forum.polishorigins.com/profile.php?mode=viewprofile&amp;u=1248'&gt;dancinchantilly&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      Posted: Sun Jan 20, 2013 7:32 pm&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      I just found this note on Dienekes Anthropology Blog - I think it is a nice overview of population genetics.  Carolyn&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The geography of recent genetic ancestry across Europe by Peter Ralph, Graham Coop&lt;br /&gt;
(Submitted on 16 Jul 2012)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The recent genealogical history of human populations is a complex mosaic formed by individual migration, large-scale population movements, and other demographic events. Population genomics datasets can provide a window into this recent history, as rare traces of recent shared genetic ancestry are detectable due to long segments of shared genomic material. We make use of genomic data for 2,257 Europeans (the POPRES dataset) to conduct one of the first surveys of recent genealogical ancestry over the past three thousand years at a continental scale. We detected 1.9 million shared genomic segments, and used the lengths of these to infer the distribution of shared ancestors across time and geography. We find that a pair of modern Europeans living in neighboring populations share around 10-50 genetic common ancestors from the last 1500 years, and upwards of 500 genetic ancestors from the previous 1000 years. These numbers drop off exponentially with geographic distance, but since genetic ancestry is rare, individuals from opposite ends of Europe are still expected to share millions of common genealogical ancestors over the last 1000 years. There is substantial regional variation in the number of shared genetic ancestors: especially high numbers of common ancestors between many eastern populations likely date to the Slavic and/or Hunnic expansions, while much lower levels of common ancestry in the Italian and Iberian peninsulas may indicate weaker demographic effects of Germanic expansions into these areas and/or more stably structured populations. Recent shared ancestry in modern Europeans is ubiquitous, and clearly shows the impact of both small-scale migration and large historical events. Population genomic datasets have considerable power to uncover recent demographic history, and will allow a much fuller picture of the close genealogical kinship of individuals across the world.</description>
                                        <comments>https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=8735#8735</comments>
                                        <author>dancinchantilly</author>
                                        <pubDate>Sun Jan 20, 2013 7:32 pm</pubDate>
                                        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=8735#8735</guid>
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                                      <item>
                                        <title>Re: DNA and Nicolaus Copernicus grave</title>
                                        <link>https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=8732#8732</link>
                                        <description>&lt;br /&gt;
                                      Author: &lt;a href='https://forum.polishorigins.com/profile.php?mode=viewprofile&amp;u=1248'&gt;dancinchantilly&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      Posted: Sun Jan 20, 2013 6:25 pm&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      Dorothy,&lt;br /&gt;
Your mtDNA and your son's mtDNA will be the same, since inheritance is through the mother.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Your son's haplogroup of his y-DNA will be inherited from his father since it is associated the male y chromosome, which women do not  have.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
My full sequence mtDNA was done by Family Tree DNA.  It is on file at GenBank, the National Institute of Health and I have also released it for any use in scientific research.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
My father's Haplogroup (y-DNA) is R1a1a, most common in eastern Europeans.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Family Tree DNA has some excellent articles on both mtDNA, y-DNA, and access to project (Polish, Haplogroup H, Haplogroup W, Haplogroup Ria, and so on) results that give an excellent overview of where and who some group members are located.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Considering that Europe is relatively small populations have traveled everywhere even in the past thousand years.  Fascinating to see where they originated, where they have been, and where they are now.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Carolyn</description>
                                        <comments>https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=8732#8732</comments>
                                        <author>dancinchantilly</author>
                                        <pubDate>Sun Jan 20, 2013 6:25 pm</pubDate>
                                        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=8732#8732</guid>
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                                        <title>Clan Tarnawa and yDNA</title>
                                        <link>https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=8731#8731</link>
                                        <description>&lt;br /&gt;
                                      Author: &lt;a href='https://forum.polishorigins.com/profile.php?mode=viewprofile&amp;u=1937'&gt;andersm0&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      Posted: Sun Jan 20, 2013 4:50 pm&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      Dorothy,&lt;br /&gt;
My own Polish ancestral roots are linked to Clan Tarnawa.  The surname is Galezowski.  Polish clans were military brotherhoods rather than related through blood.  So you could get many names who used the Tarnawa CoA and only a few would be related.  I believe there are over 80 different family names claiming allegiance to Clan Tarnawa.  Recent yDNA testing from FTDNA shows our family haplogroup is I1.  Strongly prevalent in Scandinavia and all along the northern rim of Europe from Scotland over to Poland.  The incidence of the I haplogroup drops off quickly as you go south though I vaguely recall seeing a concentration somewhere in the Balkans. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Marlene</description>
                                        <comments>https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=8731#8731</comments>
                                        <author>andersm0</author>
                                        <pubDate>Sun Jan 20, 2013 4:50 pm</pubDate>
                                        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=8731#8731</guid>
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                                        <title>DNA and Nicholas Copernicus Grave</title>
                                        <link>https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=8730#8730</link>
                                        <description>&lt;br /&gt;
                                      Author: &lt;a href='https://forum.polishorigins.com/profile.php?mode=viewprofile&amp;u=1297'&gt;Dorothy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      Posted: Sun Jan 20, 2013 1:43 pm&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      Carol,&lt;br /&gt;
I had my Mt-DNA test several years ago.  It was done by Sorensen Molecular Genealogy; however the profile was sequenced by Gene Tree.&lt;br /&gt;
Both of these are now owned by Ancestry. I am contemplating having the results transferred to Ancestry so that I might do some further&lt;br /&gt;
testing.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Since this was several years ago and the level of testing was minimal, the results are what are called &amp;quot;deep ancestry,&amp;quot; which provided only one match in Poland. I am contemplating having a more complete sequence done to narrow the results.My son is now going to have his Y-DNA tested and because my husband's family is from Lithuania, I do not expect that &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;deep ancestry&amp;quot; will show a different haplogroup.  We shall see.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
My haplogroup is U4, apparently not very common amongst Poles. Through my genealogical research, I now have documentation that my family is connected to the Tarnawa clan.  This has been a family story which until a few years ago was merely a joke in the family.  &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I am in contact with a few people of this family and it seems that the more information I gather the closer I get to the fuller story.  Of course, this means that while there may be a noble connection, there are also some shadows that get light shed on them.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I would be interested in hearing from others who may be willing to share about their haplogrouping.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Thank you.</description>
                                        <comments>https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=8730#8730</comments>
                                        <author>Dorothy</author>
                                        <pubDate>Sun Jan 20, 2013 1:43 pm</pubDate>
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                                        <title>Re: DNA and Nicolaus Copernicus grave</title>
                                        <link>https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=8707#8707</link>
                                        <description>&lt;br /&gt;
                                      Author: &lt;a href='https://forum.polishorigins.com/profile.php?mode=viewprofile&amp;u=349'&gt;Shellie&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      Posted: Sat Jan 19, 2013 2:28 am&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      Even though this thread, and the news about discovering the grave of Copernicus was posted in 2008, the story is very interesting, especially Carol's discovery that her DNA results show a family relationship to the famous astronomer! &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
I love the facial reconstruction that was done with the skull unearthed from his grave - it is very interesting to see Nicholaus Copernicus as a 70-yr old and compare it with portraits of him as a younger man. More information about Copernicus at the Visit Torun website: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.visittorun.pl/232,l2.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://www.visittorun.pl/232,l2.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blog entry that mentions the DNA results and also how scientists suggest that Copernicus had blue eyes:  &lt;a href=&quot;http://dienekes.blogspot.com/2009/07/y-chromosome-mtdna-and-eye-color-of.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://dienekes.blogspot.com/2009/07/y-chromosome-mtdna-and-eye-color-of.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The facial reconstruction led to chatter about the resemblance between Copernicus and actor James Cromwell. &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.google.com/search?client=safari&amp;amp;rls=en&amp;amp;q=copernicus+Cromwell&amp;amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;amp;oe=UTF-8&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://www.google.com/search?client=safari&amp;amp;rls=en&amp;amp;q=copernicus+Cromwell&amp;amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;amp;oe=UTF-8&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold&quot;&gt;Carol, have you found the names that link your family tree with Copernicus?  I would love to see it!&lt;/span&gt;</description>
                                        <comments>https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=8707#8707</comments>
                                        <author>Shellie</author>
                                        <pubDate>Sat Jan 19, 2013 2:28 am</pubDate>
                                        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=8707#8707</guid>
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                                        <title>Re: DNA and Nicolaus Copernicus grave</title>
                                        <link>https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=1135#1135</link>
                                        <description>&lt;br /&gt;
                                      Author: &lt;a href='https://forum.polishorigins.com/profile.php?mode=viewprofile&amp;u=2'&gt;Zenon&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      Posted: Mon Sep 28, 2009 3:32 am&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      According ot Polish wikipedia &lt;a href=&quot;http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodzina_Miko%C5%82aja_Kopernika&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodzina_Miko%C5%82aja_Kopernika&lt;/a&gt; Katarzyna Kopernik, sister of Miko&amp;#322;aj, was the only who extended Kopernik genealogical lineage marrying Bart&amp;#322;omiej Gertner from Kraków. They had five children: Katarzyna, Krystyna, Regina, Jerzy and Albrecht.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Gertner family lived in the former Koperniks family house. Katarzyna's husband paid a rent for the house to Barbara, Miko&amp;#322;aj's (and Katarzyna's) sister. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Their daughter Katarzyna married Toru&amp;#324;'s merchant Andrzej Wachsschlager. Krystyna, like her mother's sister joined an order in Che&amp;#322;mno. But she escaped from there with Kasper Stulpawitz, drummer from Królewiec, who she married later.</description>
                                        <comments>https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=1135#1135</comments>
                                        <author>Zenon</author>
                                        <pubDate>Mon Sep 28, 2009 3:32 am</pubDate>
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                                        <title>DNA</title>
                                        <link>https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=1134#1134</link>
                                        <description>&lt;br /&gt;
                                      Author: &lt;a href='https://forum.polishorigins.com/profile.php?mode=viewprofile&amp;u=260'&gt;carolt71&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      Posted: Sat Sep 26, 2009 6:20 pm&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.familytreedna.com/certificates-and-reports.aspx&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://www.familytreedna.com/certificates-and-reports.aspx&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
HERE IS FAMILY TREE DNA INFO--PERSONALLY I AM IN SHOCK!  Copernicus had one sister kATARYNA WHO MARRIED BERTHAL GERTNER.  ANYONE KNOW THE NAMES OF THEIR GIRLS?  LOVED JAMES PHOTO-THANKS  CAROL</description>
                                        <comments>https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=1134#1134</comments>
                                        <author>carolt71</author>
                                        <pubDate>Sat Sep 26, 2009 6:20 pm</pubDate>
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                                        <title>Re: DNA and Nicolaus Copernicus grave</title>
                                        <link>https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=1128#1128</link>
                                        <description>&lt;br /&gt;
                                      Author: &lt;a href='https://forum.polishorigins.com/profile.php?mode=viewprofile&amp;u=2'&gt;Zenon&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      Posted: Fri Sep 25, 2009 5:36 am&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      This had to be so exciting for you, Carol &lt;img src=&quot;images/smiles/icon_exclaim.gif&quot; alt=&quot;Exclamation&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Have you seen Nicolaus Copernicus (or in Polish Miko&amp;#322;aj Kopernik) house in Toru&amp;#324; on picture taken on our common Tour with James a few months ago: &lt;a href=&quot;http://blog.polishorigins.com/2009/05/20/my-second-visit-to-poland-forefathers-traces-tour-with-james-day-6/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;http://blog.polishorigins.com/2009/05/20/my-second-visit-to-poland-forefathers-traces-tour-with-james-day-6/&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;img src=&quot;images/smiles/icon_question.gif&quot; alt=&quot;Question&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Did you do the same as the lady in this video &lt;img src=&quot;images/smiles/icon_smile.gif&quot; alt=&quot;Smile&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;object width=&quot;425&quot; height=&quot;350&quot;&gt;	&lt;param name=&quot;movie&quot; value=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/v/gjTU4XTexYc&quot;&gt;&lt;/param&gt;	&lt;embed src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/v/gjTU4XTexYc&quot; type=&quot;application/x-shockwave-flash&quot; width=&quot;425&quot; height=&quot;344&quot;&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;[&lt;a href=&quot;https://youtube.com/watch?v=gjTU4XTexYc&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;html-link&lt;/a&gt;]&lt;br /&gt;</description>
                                        <comments>https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=1128#1128</comments>
                                        <author>Zenon</author>
                                        <pubDate>Fri Sep 25, 2009 5:36 am</pubDate>
                                        <guid isPermaLink="true">https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=1128#1128</guid>
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                                        <title>DNA testing</title>
                                        <link>https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=1078#1078</link>
                                        <description>&lt;br /&gt;
                                      Author: &lt;a href='https://forum.polishorigins.com/profile.php?mode=viewprofile&amp;u=260'&gt;carolt71&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      Posted: Fri Sep 11, 2009 6:03 pm&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                                      I had my MT DNA done by family tree DNA.  The only problem with testing is it is expensive.  They do have sales and if you're interested I would call them and ask them to e-mail you when they have a sale or special.  I had initial testing, then second level, then a testing that breaks down the haplo groups are little further.  The only thing you really have to do is swab the inside of your mouth.  They send you a kit with instructions that are very easy to follow.  Upon submitting your sample you let them know if you give them permission to be able  to compare matches with other people.  To make a long story short-I found I match or people in Germany and in England and only one in Poland.  I know I have a great grandmother who is German, however, a rest is a mystery.  Any questions don't hesitate to ask!  Carol</description>
                                        <comments>https://forum.polishorigins.com/viewtopic.php?p=1078#1078</comments>
                                        <author>carolt71</author>
                                        <pubDate>Fri Sep 11, 2009 6:03 pm</pubDate>
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